Startup and Shutdown Container Databases (CDB) and Pluggable Databases (PDB)

Startup and Shutdown Container Databases (CDB) and Pluggable Databases (PDB) 

1. Container Database (CDB)
Startup and shutdown of the container database is the same as it has always been for regular instances. The SQL*Plus STARTUP and SHUTDOWN commands are available when connected to the CDB as a privileged user. Some typical values are shown below.

STARTUP [NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]
SHUTDOWN [IMMEDIATE | ABORT]

2. Pluggable Database (PDB)
Pluggable databases can be started and stopped using SQL*Plus commands or the ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE command.

SQL*Plus Commands
The following SQL*Plus commands are available to start and stop a pluggable database, when connected to that pluggable database as a privileged user.
STARTUP FORCE;
STARTUP OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT];
STARTUP OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT];
STARTUP UPGRADE;
SHUTDOWN [IMMEDIATE];
Some examples are shown below.

STARTUP FORCE;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

STARTUP OPEN READ WRITE RESTRICT;
SHUTDOWN;

STARTUP;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
The ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE command can be used from the CDB or the PDB.

The following commands are available to open and close the current PDB when connected to the PDB as a privileged user.

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
Some examples are shown below.

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
The following commands are available to open and close one or more PDBs when connected to the CDB as a privileged user.

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdb-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdb-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdb-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdb-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
The <pdb-name-clause> clause can be any of the following:

One or more PDB names, specified as a comma-separated list.
The ALL keyword to indicate all PDBs.
The ALL EXCEPT keywords, followed by one or more PDB names in a comma-separate list, to indicate a subset of PDBs.

Some examples are shown below.

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;